Saturday, December 12, 2020

 I cannot agree with Mr. Sheridan in accounting ial a syllable in all cases. It appears to me that in connubial, ministerial, &c. ial cannot be pronounced in one syllable without a violent exertion of the organs, and after our utmost efforts we are obliged to make a great distinction of syllables. And if ial be considered as forming two syllables unless preceded by c or t, the accent falls on the last but two. The words denial, decrial have the accent on i. In ian. This ending with c or t before it, is pronounced shan: as magician, tertian; except an s precedes t, when the last syllable is pronounced chan, as christian, fustian; and the accent is on the last syllable but one. But the terminating syllable gian is pronounced ;jan; as, collegian.* With other letters it forms two syllables, and the accent is on the last syllable but two; as librarian. In en. This termination is very often contracted, by omitting e and joining n to the former syllable; as heav'n. But e ought not to be apostrophised either in poetry or prose. The accent is usually on the first syllable. In ion. This termination is usually but one syllable, and pronounced yun; as million, opinion. See table 31. When this is the case, the accent is on the syllable immediately preceding ion. When two or more consonatns precede ion, the first has the accent as quaternion. In sion. This termination is always pronounced ahun; except another consonant precedes it, when it sounds shun. In tion. This termination is invariably pronounced shun; as notion; except when preceded by s or x, when it is pronounced chun; as dijestion, commixtion. * It is said that dian is pronounced in the same manner as comedian, pronounced comejan. If so, how shall we pronounce trajedian? In eer and ier. All polysyllables in eer have the accent on the last syllable and all in ier, pronounced in one syllable; as domineer, cavalier, ier being pronounced as eer. In er. Words ending in er, being for the most part derived, follow their primatives in their accents; as politer for polite.In polysyllables not derived, the accent is generally on the last syllable but two; as astronomer. But this rule has exceptions. In or. When or is preceded by the vowel i, they form a syllable, which is pronounced yur; as senior. In ous. This termination is always sounded us. When preceded by ce, ci or ti, it forms the syllable shus; as segacious, cetatious, sententious, pronounced segashus, cetashus, sentenshus. 137 When the vowel i, and a consonant precede the terminations eous and ious, the accent is on the letter immediately preceding the consonant that is taken into the last syllable; as tenacious. But when ous is preceded by other letters, the accent is on the last syllable but two; as voluminous; except two consonants precede the last syllable, when the accent falls on the first of them; as tremendous. In ant. Polysyllables in ant have the accent on the last syllable but two; as extravagant; except when two consonants meet in the middle; as trumphant. But protestant is accented on the first: confidant, complaisant, have the accent on the last; as also Levant, a gallant; and compound words of two syllables; as recant. In ent. Words terminating in ent preceded by any consonant except m have the accent on the last syllable but one; as dependent. But words ending in ment, being gnerally formed from verbs, retain the accent of their primitives; as confinement from confine. When the vowel i precedes ment, the accent is on the last syllable but two; as compliment. When ent is preceded by ti, and ci, it forms with them the syllable shent; ancient, consentien, pronounced anshent, consenshent. Words in lent are accented on the last syllable but two, as benevolent; except when l is double; as repellent; and to this also excellent is an exception, being accented on the first. All words in ment not derived, have the accent on the last syllable but two; as testament. In ay. Compound words of two syllables have the accent on the last; as delay, holiday. In cy. Words in cy are usually nouns derived from verbs, nouns or adjectives, and retain the accent of their primitives; as intimacy, from intimate. In words not derived, the accent is back on the third or fourth syllable; as democracy, necromancy. Polysyllables in gy. These are also accented on the last syllable but two; as prodigy chronolgy. In this termination g is soft unless preceded by another g; as foggy, when it is hard. In ny. Trisyllables ending in ny are accented on the first; as calumny. Polysyllables on the first; as matrimony; except anemony, hexagony, cosmogony, monotony, &c. which have the accent on the letter immediately preceding on. 138 In ry. Trisyllables in ry have the accent on the last but two; as diary; polysyllables on the last but three: as epistolary. But carravansary, dispensary, aniversary, [sic] testamentary, parliamentary, are accented on the last but two. Adversary, commentary, momentary, voluntary, on the first. In words of four syllables, with the half accent on the last but one, the termination ary is sounded erry; thus monentary is pronounced momenterry. In ery. These have generally the accent on the last syllable but two; except deletery, monastery, baptistery, where it is on the first. Ery is always sounded erry. Terminations of the plural number, and of Verbs. In es. When es form a distinct syllable, as is always the case after sh, ch, x, s, c, g and z, it is pronounced iz; as brushes, churches, boxes, houses, places, sages, freezes; pronounced brushiz, churchiz, boxiz, housiz, placiz, sagiz, freeziz. But if es follow other letters e is silent, and s sounds like c or z. S sounds like c after the following letters: f, as in stuffs, t, as in shuts. k, as in packs. 1 p, as in hopes. th, as in truths. And if e precedes s, it alters not the sound of s; as hopes, where e is silent. S sounds like z, after the following letters: b, as in robs, pronounced robz d, as in beds bedz g, as in rags ragz l, as in seals sealz m, as in trims trimz n, as in wins winz r, as in wars warz v, as in leaves leavez th, as in tithes tithz ng, as in songs songz. And if e precedes a, it alters not the sound, as is observable in the word leaves, for e is silent. ay, as in delays, pronounced delaze oe, as in foes foze ue, as in glues gluze ow, as in glows gloze ow, as in vows vowze ew, as in screws scruze aw, as in laws lawz ay, as in prays praze oy, as in boys boyz The termination ies unaccented is invariably pronounced iz; thus, glories, vanities, varies, are pronounced gloriz, vanitiz, variz.

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